The lens of the eye is used to focus on objects at various distances. Some of the vitreous humor is surrounding the lens. The vitreous humor helps refract light.
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The opening is the pupil and the surrounding brownish layer is the iris. The pupil controls how much light enters the eye and the iris controls how big the pupil is The black layer is the ciliary body which helps stretch the lens in order to focus better on different objects. 
The transparent part is the cornea and the surrounding grey part is the sclera. The cornea allows light into the eye and helps with refraction and the sclera helps keep the shape of the eye ball.
The retina is the clear and thin gel layer and helps processes the image from the lens. The bluish and greenish part is the choroid. This part of the eye provides nourishment.
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